Editing D'ni grammar (section)

== Particles ==

In D'ni there are more than one word that translate "of", depending on the meaning. The two most common are<ref>{{cite web|url=http://linguists.bahro.com/domahreh/grammar/chapter2/possession.html|title=Possession and Forms of 'of'|website=A First Survey of the Facts for Writing D'ni|access-date=September 6, 2020|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20050506165904/http://linguists.bahro.com/domahreh/grammar/chapter2/possession.html|archive-date=May 6, 2005}}</ref>:

{| class="wikitable"
| '''okh''':
| when expressing direct ownership, or describing a quality. Often suffixed.
|-
| '''tso''':
| when expressing association or indirect possession, and where the possessed has greater agency. Often used with –''tahn'' and –''tahv'' words.
|}


Examples:
: ''kor'''okh''' Gen'' - "Gehn's book" ([[From Myst to Riven|FMR]])
: ''kor'''okh''' Jimah'' - "Book of Prophecies" ([[Myst: The Book of D'ni|BD]])
: ''erth lenah'''okh''' yahrtee sen'' - "a journey of three days" ([[Reference:Aitrus's Map (D'ni)#Timepiece|DT]])
: ''Regolantantee'''okh''' Yahvo'' - "The Judges of Yahvo" ([[Reference:DRC research notebooks/King Koreen|Koreen]])
: ''Tel'''okh'''sheetemsootahntee'' - "Guild of Messengers" (RAWA)
: ''Ter'''okh''' Jerooth'' - "Tree of Possibility" (RAWA, DLG)
: ''ken Aytruhs'''okh''' D'nee'' - "I am Atrus of D'ni" (RAWA)
: ''trebigto iglahrno '''okh''' rekaligo'' - "with the temporary blessing of the Council" ([[Reference:Aitrus's Map (D'ni)#Journey to the Surface|JS]])
: ''rekor oshahnin '''okh''' pahtstee oglahn'' - "the lost book of ancient cities" (RAWA)
: ''kokenen revog miro '''okh''' reviduh'' - "it was the toxic nature of the atmosphere" ([[Reference:Gehn, Riven journal excerpts|GJ]])

: ''remishtahtahv robot '''tso''' rebishtah'' - "the actual construction of the tunnel" ([[Reference:Aitrus's Map (D'ni)#Timepiece|DT]])
: ''remahrntahn greahreeuhtahn '''tso''' dovahot'' - "the creator and protector of our world" (Gate)
: ''bahreltahn '''tso''' dovahtee'' - "maker of worlds" (Gate)
: ''r'inaltahv '''tso''' donetsoet relem'' - "the [opportunity?] of us producing the ink" (Gate)
: ''remahnshootahv '''tso''' erthsev'' - "the death of an Age" (DLG)
: ''rezuh '''tso''' dovah met'' - "the end of this world" ([[Reference:Riven inscriptions#Dome|Dome]])
: ''khrekahntinahlothtee b'shento oolintahv '''tso''' D'nee'' - "for the [oppressed?] ones to take [control?] of D'ni" ([[Reference:Kenen Gor note|KG]])
: ''bbaykh b'totee rahnahl '''tso''' mahrntahvom'' - "to link to various places of your creation" ([[Reference:Atrus's Prayer|AP]])
: ''t'khoytahg zuh '''tso'''shem g'bortahom'' - "with end [result?] about you and your [purpose?] ([[Reference:Atrus's Prayer|AP]])


To mark ''possession'' relative to a pronoun, D'ni uses six suffixes, one for each person and number:

{| class="wikitable"
!
! sing
! plur
|-
| ''1st''
| kor'''oy'''<br/>my book
| kor'''ot'''<br/>our book
|-
| ''2nd''
| kor'''om'''<br/>your book
| kor'''omee'''<br/>your book
|-
| ''3rd''
| kor'''on'''<br/>his/her book
| kor'''os'''<br/>their book
|}


Examples:
: okh een okh mishtahtahv'''oy''' - "of [any] of my construction" ([[Reference:Gehn, Riven journal excerpts|GJ]])
: te rek'''oy''' D'nee keebahem revaht - "in my D'ni [class] you obey the five" ([[Reference:Gehn, schoolhouse imager recording|Gehn]])
: ahroyem be teegtahv'''om''' gah bodonahgahem - "you [attend?] to your work and you will be [improving?]" ([[Reference:Gehn, schoolhouse imager recording|Gehn]])
: oonray'''ot''' Gen - "our lord Gehn" (Gate, Float)
: chevtahvtee b'mahryayshahtee'''ot''' biv - "thanks to all our [fans?]" (Cyan)
: neegesh gopah tomahnahtee'''omee''' ... kokeneet t'paychahvo - "merely because your homes ... were in danger" ([[Reference:Orz Sentence|Orz]])
: rilbotemahet hevtee'''os''' - "we will not [hear?] their words" ([[Reference:Kenen Gor note|KG]])


=== Modifiers ===
{| class="wikitable"
| –<b>ets</b>
| noun → adjective
| &nbsp;
| –<b>tahv</b>
| verb → noun (abstract)
|-
| –<b>et</b>
| noun → adjective
| &nbsp;
| –<b>tahn</b>
| verb → noun (actor)
|-
| –<b>th</b>
| adjective → noun
| &nbsp;
| –<b>on</b>
| adjective → verb
|-
| –(<b>e</b>)<b>sh</b>
| adjective → adverb
| &nbsp;
| <b>de</b>–
| again, anew
|}

Note that when ''–esh'' is attached to a vowel, it loses the "e", e.g. ''gahro'' → ''gahrosh'', unlike ''–ets'' which usually keeps it. The ''–eth'' suffix can identify a quality or be used as an epithet, e.g. ''gahroth'' "greatness" or "the great one".

The particle ''–et'' confers the meaning of "full of" ("thank–ful"), while ''–ets'' confers the meaning of a quality ("storm–y"). The latter also forms ordinals: ''tor'' "four" → ''torets'' "fourth".

Keep in mind the distinction between ''–ahl'' and ''–et'': the present part. describes an action that the thing is currently doing, e.g. ''redoyhah choylahnayahl'' "the machine in the process of finishing".

The uncommon prefix ''–on'' is used with the meaning of "to make ''adj.''", e.g. ''zithon'' "to make low" , i.e. "to lower".

A few verbs can also be used as nouns without the ''–tahv'' suffix, like ''eder'' "sleep" and ''say'' "design". No specific rule regarding which verbs can be used as such is known.


Examples:
: {{dni-text|ahno}} "water" → {{dni-text|ahnoets}} "watery" (wet)
: {{dni-text|vokan}} "birth" → {{dni-text|devokan}} "rebirth" (hope)
: {{dni-text|gahro}} "great" → {{dni-text|gahroth}} "greatness", {{dni-text|gahrosh}} "greatly"
: {{dni-text|mees}} "speak" → {{dni-text|meestahv}} "speech", {{dni-text|meestahn}} "speaker"