Editing D'ni grammar
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* D'NI is the encoding used by the ''Dnifont'' typeface, and by RAWA to precisely write D'ni words: '''pAiferen''' | * D'NI is the encoding used by the ''Dnifont'' typeface, and by RAWA to precisely write D'ni words: '''pAiferen''' | ||
* OTS is the ''Old Transliteration Standard'', the most common way of writing D'ni in the Uru community: '''Payiferen''' | * OTS is the ''Old Transliteration Standard'', the most common way of writing D'ni in the Uru community: '''Payiferen''' | ||
* NTS is the ''New Transliteration Standard'', devised by the [[Guild of Linguists (restored)|first Guild of Linguists]] to have a 1-to-1 equivalence between D'ni and roman letters | * NTS is the ''New Transliteration Standard'', devised by the [[Guild of Linguists (restored)|first Guild of Linguists]] to have a 1-to-1 equivalence between D'ni and roman letters: '''Péiferen''' | ||
* | * RTS is ''[http://www.florestica.com/hpotd/dni-fonts/index.html Larry LeDeay]'s Transliterations Standard'', with an approach similar to the NTS: '''Pāiferen''' | ||
* IPA is the ''International Phonetic Alphabet'', used by linguists to precisely describe the 'sound' of each letter, usually written between brackets: '''[peɪfɛɹɛn]''' | |||
* IPA is the '' | |||
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! NTS | ! NTS | ||
! LTS | ! LTS | ||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <dni>'</dni> | | <dni>'</dni> | ||
| ' | | ' | ||
| ' | | ' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <dni>v</dni> | | <dni>v</dni> | ||
| v | | v | ||
| v | | v | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <dni>b</dni> | | <dni>b</dni> | ||
| b | | b | ||
| b | | b | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <dni>t</dni> | | <dni>t</dni> | ||
| t | | t | ||
| t | | t | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <dni>s</dni> | | <dni>s</dni> | ||
| s | | s | ||
| s | | s | ||
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| sh | | sh | ||
| š | | š | ||
| sh | | sh | ||
| ʃ | | ʃ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <dni>j</dni> | | <dni>j</dni> | ||
| j | | j | ||
| j | | j | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <dni>g</dni> | | <dni>g</dni> | ||
| g | | g | ||
| g | | g | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <dni>y</dni> | | <dni>y</dni> | ||
| y | | y | ||
| y | | y | ||
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| kh | | kh | ||
| x | | x | ||
| kh | | kh | ||
| x | | x | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <dni>K</dni> | | <dni>K</dni> | ||
| k | | k | ||
| k | | k | ||
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| a | | a | ||
| a | | a | ||
| ɑ | | ɑ | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| á | | á | ||
| ī | | ī | ||
| ai | | ai | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <dni>f</dni> | | <dni>f</dni> | ||
| f | | f | ||
| f | | f | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <dni>p</dni> | | <dni>p</dni> | ||
| p | | p | ||
| p | | p | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <dni>i</dni> | | <dni>i</dni> | ||
| i | | i | ||
| i | | i | ||
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| í | | í | ||
| ē | | ē | ||
| i | | i | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <dni>e</dni> | | <dni>e</dni> | ||
| e | | e | ||
| e | | e | ||
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| é | | é | ||
| ā | | ā | ||
| e | | e | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| r | | r | ||
| r | | r | ||
| | | ɹ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <dni>m</dni> | | <dni>m</dni> | ||
| m | | m | ||
| m | | m | ||
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| th | | th | ||
| þ | | þ | ||
| th | | th | ||
| θ | | θ | ||
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| dh | | dh | ||
| ð | | ð | ||
| dh | | dh | ||
| ð | | ð | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <dni>D</dni> | | <dni>D</dni> | ||
| d | | d | ||
| d | | d | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <dni>h</dni> | | <dni>h</dni> | ||
| h | | h | ||
| h | | h | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <dni>o</dni> | | <dni>o</dni> | ||
| o | | o | ||
| o | | o | ||
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| oy | | oy | ||
| ó | | ó | ||
| oy | | oy | ||
| oi | | oi | ||
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| ch | | ch | ||
| ç | | ç | ||
| ch | | ch | ||
| t͡ʃ | | t͡ʃ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <dni>w</dni> | | <dni>w</dni> | ||
| w | | w | ||
| w | | w | ||
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| <dni>u</dni> | | <dni>u</dni> | ||
| uh | | uh | ||
| u | | u | ||
| u | | u | ||
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| ú | | ú | ||
| ū | | ū | ||
| u | | u | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| ts | | ts | ||
| c | | c | ||
| ts | | ts | ||
| t͡s | | t͡s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <dni>l</dni> | | <dni>l</dni> | ||
| l | | l | ||
| l | | l | ||
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| æ | | æ | ||
| å | | å | ||
| æ | | æ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <dni>z</dni> | | <dni>z</dni> | ||
| z | | z | ||
| z | | z | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <dni>n</dni> | | <dni>n</dni> | ||
| n | | n | ||
| n | | n | ||
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! NTS | ! NTS | ||
! LTS | ! LTS | ||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
|} | |} | ||
Both basic letters and numerals are derived from basic shapes: | |||
Both basic letters and numerals are derived from basic shapes | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| apostrophe | | apostrophe | ||
| | | | ||
| <dni> | | <dni>–</dni> | ||
| dash | | dash | ||
|} | |} | ||
The 'full stop' usage is the really different one, as it is always placed at the beginning of the sentence, not at the end. | The 'full stop' usage is the really different one, as it is always placed at the beginning of the sentence, not at the end. | ||
Example: | Example: | ||
: <dni>.Sora b'Sem - ga b' | : <dni>.Sora b'Sem - ga b'zoo</dni> | ||
: <span style="font-size:85%">{{ | : <span style="font-size:85%">{{Parsed D'ni|.|shorah||b'-|shem}} - {{Parsed D'ni|gah||b'-|zoo}}</span> | ||
: "peace to you - and to me." | : "peace to you - and to me." | ||
== Stress == | == Stress == | ||
There isn't a fixed rule for word stress, and it can move when suffixes are attached | There isn't a fixed rule for word stress, and it can move when suffixes are attached: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
When counting objects, numbers follow the noun they refer to, e.g. {{ | When counting objects, numbers follow the noun they refer to, e.g. {{Parsed D'ni|kor|-tee||sen}} "three books". | ||
The missing symbols are simply an overlap of two parts, e.g. 17 is 15 + 2. The names of the digits are a shortened form of the base ('''vaht''', '''nayvoo''', '''heebor''', '''rish''' → '''vah''', '''nay''', '''hee''', '''ri'') plus '''gah''' "and", plus the added number ('''fah''', '''bree''', '''sen''', '''tor'''). | The missing symbols are simply an overlap of two parts, e.g. 17 is 15 + 2. The names of the digits are a shortened form of the base ('''vaht''', '''nayvoo''', '''heebor''', '''rish''' → '''vah''', '''nay''', '''hee''', '''ri'') plus '''gah''' "and", plus the added number ('''fah''', '''bree''', '''sen''', '''tor'''). | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Example: {{ | Example: {{Parsed D'ni|vahgahbree}}, {{Parsed D'ni|naygahtor}}, {{Parsed D'ni|rigahsen}} "seven, fourteen, twentythree" | ||
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Each digit is written as the unit plus a suffix that denote the power, e.g.: | Each digit is written as the unit plus a suffix that denote the power, e.g.: | ||
:4|5 is {{ | :4|5 is {{Parsed D'ni|tor}}-'''{{Parsed D'ni|-see}}''' {{Parsed D'ni|vaht}} | ||
:12|21 is {{ | :12|21 is {{Parsed D'ni|naygahbree}}-'''{{Parsed D'ni|-see}}''' {{Parsed D'ni|rigahfah}} | ||
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== Word order == | == Word order == | ||
D'ni is a SVO language, i.e. the subject comes first, the verb follows, then comes the object. The article and the negation precede the noun, adjectives usually follow the noun, and adverbs follow the word they modify | D'ni is a SVO language, i.e. the subject comes first, the verb follows, then comes the object. The article and the negation precede the noun, adjectives usually follow the noun, and adverbs follow the word they modify. | ||
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Modifiers almost never come between the verb and its object. The indirect object almost always precedes the direct object; however, if the indirect obj. is modified by an adjective or adjectival phrase, it's the direct object that comes first. Adverbs can be placed at the beginning of a sentence to modify it entirely, e.g. {{ | Modifiers almost never come between the verb and its object. The indirect object almost always precedes the direct object; however, if the indirect obj. is modified by an adjective or adjectival phrase, it's the direct object that comes first. Adverbs can be placed at the beginning of a sentence to modify it entirely, e.g. {{Parsed D'ni|khahpo}} "perhaps". Modifying phrases can occur anywhere, but always close to the word they modify. Appositive phrases or vocatives that modify an implied subject appear near to where the implied subject would have been. Dependent clauses precede or follow but never split up the complete independent clause. | ||
Here are a few examples of relatively complex sentences from the Aitrus' Map: | Here are a few examples of relatively complex sentences from the Aitrus' Map: | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|loymaht||re-|mishtah|-tahv||robot||tso||re-|bishtah||ril||mahrent|-en||re-|say|-tee||kahg}} | ||
: "Though the actual construction of the tunnel doesn't follow the original designs," | : "Though the actual construction of the tunnel doesn't follow the original designs," | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|re-|lenah||gahth||shento|-en||blo||yahr|-tee||sen||f'-|toogo}} | ||
: "the journey still takes about three days on foot." (''"[[Reference:Aitrus's Map (D'ni)#Timepiece|D'ni Timepiece]]" text in Aitrus's Map'') | : "the journey still takes about three days on foot." (''"[[Reference:Aitrus's Map (D'ni)#Timepiece|D'ni Timepiece]]" text in Aitrus's Map'') | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|re-|tiwah}} ... {{Parsed D'ni|ko-|mes|-en||re-|doyhah|-tee||prad|teeg|-ahl||tor||gahro||b'-|fahsee}} | ||
: "The Shaft ... required the four greatest rock-working machines" | : "The Shaft ... required the four greatest rock-working machines" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|t'-|biv||tre-|gahn||d'nee||gah|vailee|-tee||tren||b'-|choylahnay}} | ||
: "in all of the D'ni Empire and a few months to complete." (''"[[Reference:Aitrus's Map (D'ni)#Shaft|Shaft]]" text on Aitrus's Map'') | : "in all of the D'ni Empire and a few months to complete." (''"[[Reference:Aitrus's Map (D'ni)#Shaft|Shaft]]" text on Aitrus's Map'') | ||
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Examples: | Examples: | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|re-}}-{{Parsed D'ni|kor}} "the book"; {{Parsed D'ni|erth-}}-{{Parsed D'ni|kor}} "a book"; | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|re}}-{{Parsed D'ni|kor}}-{{Parsed D'ni|-tee}} "the book<u>s</u>"; {{Parsed D'ni|erth-}}-{{Parsed D'ni|kor}}-{{Parsed D'ni|-tee}} "some books". | ||
== Conjuctions and interjections == | == Conjuctions and interjections == | ||
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Example: | Example: | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|yim||re-|shokhoo|-tahn}} '''{{Parsed D'ni|gah}}''' {{Parsed D'ni|erth-|choor|-tahn|-tee}} '''{{Parsed D'ni|roob||ril}}''' {{Parsed D'ni|kor|-tee}} | ||
: "I see the instructor <u>and</u> some students <u>but</u> <u>no</u> books". | : "I see the instructor <u>and</u> some students <u>but</u> <u>no</u> books". | ||
Note that ''ril'' always precedes the word it negates. With lists, ''gah'' is repeated | Note that ''ril'' always precedes the word it negates. With lists, ''gah'' is repeated: ''reshokhootahn gah rechoortahntee gah rekortee'' "the instructor, the students and the books". | ||
== Pronouns == | == Pronouns == | ||
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Examples: | Examples: | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|ril|yim|-em||zoo}} "you don't see me" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|re-|prad||pisho|-en||b'-|set}} "the rock belongs to us" | ||
== Particles == | == Particles == | ||
In D'ni there are more than one word that translate "of", depending on the meaning. The two most common are | In D'ni there are more than one word that translate "of", depending on the meaning. The two most common are: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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Examples: | Examples: | ||
: '' | : {{Parsed D'ni|re-|kor}}-'''{{Parsed D'ni|-okh}}''' Aytrus "the book <u>of</u> Atrus" | ||
: ' | :: <span style="font-size:85%">[direct possession]</span> | ||
: | : Aytrus '''{{Parsed D'ni|okh}}''' {{Parsed D'ni|D'nee}} "Atrus <u>of</u> D'ni" | ||
: '' | :: <span style="font-size:85%">[D'ni (proper noun) has Atrus as one of its citizen]</span> | ||
: Aytrus '''{{Parsed D'ni|tso}}''' {{Parsed D'ni|re-|sev}} [[Myst]] "Atrus <u>of</u> the Myst Age" | |||
: | :: <span style="font-size:85%">[Atrus is the Writer of Myst]</span> | ||
: '' | : {{Parsed D'ni|re-|choor|-tahn|-tee}} '''{{Parsed D'ni|tso}}''' {{Parsed D'ni|D'nee}} "the students of D'ni (language)" | ||
: | :: <span style="font-size:85%">[it's the students who are doing the studying, and the implicit "language" is a common noun]</span> | ||
To mark ''possession'' relative to a pronoun, we use six suffixes, one for each person and number: | |||
To mark ''possession'' relative to a pronoun, | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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Examples: | Examples: | ||
: | : {{Parsed D'ni|kor}}-{{Parsed D'ni|-oy||ken|-en||ahnoets}} "<u>my</u> book is wet" | ||
: | : {{Parsed D'ni|lenah}}-{{Parsed D'ni|-ot||ken|-en||tonah}} "<u>our</u> journey is long" | ||
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Examples: | Examples: | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|ahno}} "water" → {{Parsed D'ni|ahnoets}} "watery" (wet) | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|vokan}} "birth" → {{Parsed D'ni|devokan}} "rebirth" (hope) | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|gahro}} "great" → {{Parsed D'ni|gahroth}} "greatness", {{Parsed D'ni|gahrosh}} "greatly" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|mees}} "speak" → {{Parsed D'ni|meestahv}} "speech", {{Parsed D'ni|meestahn}} "speaker" | ||
== Verbs == | == Verbs == | ||
=== Infinitive === | === Infinitive === | ||
In English, that is done by putting "to" before the verb, e.g. "to see". In D'ni, it is done in a very similar way: ''b'yim'', "to see" | In English, that is done by putting "to" before the verb, e.g. "to see". In D'ni, it is done in a very similar way: ''b'yim'', "to see". The D'ni particle can also be used as a preposition, just like in English. | ||
. The D'ni particle can also be used as a preposition, just like in English. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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Examples: | Examples: | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|b'-|yim}} "to see"; | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|b'-|baykh}} "to link". | ||
=== "To be" vs "to exist" === | === "To be" vs "to exist" === | ||
The verb ''b'ken'' "to be" also means "to exist" | The verb ''b'ken'' "to be" also means "to exist": | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|re-|kor||ken|-en||tomet}} "the book is here" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|ken|-en||erth-|kor}} "there is a book" | ||
=== Inflection === | === Inflection === | ||
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Examples: | Examples: | ||
: [[Atrus|Aytrus]] {{ | : [[Atrus|Aytrus]] {{Parsed D'ni|ken}}-{{Parsed D'ni|-en||erth-|seltahn||tso||sev|-tee}} "Atrus <u>is</u> a Writer of Ages"; | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|ken}}-{{Parsed D'ni|-tee||choor|-tahn|-tee}} "you <u>are</u> students". | ||
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Examples: | Examples: | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|le-}}–{{Parsed D'ni|hoor|-em||gorahyan|-oy}} "you have found my clock" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|bo-}}-{{Parsed D'ni|laysoo|-em||tah||b'-|zoo}} "you will bring it to me" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|re-|doyhah||do-}}-{{Parsed D'ni|mahlah|-en}} "the machine is coming" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|dol-}}-{{Parsed D'ni|gid|-en||ben||pahrtahvo|-tee||vahgahfah}} "it has been excavating for six hours" | ||
=== Passives === | === Passives === | ||
Only a few, ambiguous rules can be inferred from the sources. In general, the usage is as follow (scheme | Only a few, ambiguous rules can be inferred from the sources. In general, the usage is as follow (thanks to Khreestrefah for the scheme): | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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Examples: | Examples: | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.tahg|-em|-ah||b'-|zoo||ah||re-|kor}}! "give me the book!" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|eder|-et||voohee}}? "we could rest" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|eder|-tee||yeret||ahgo}} "may you sleep well" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|oshahn||ril|voohee}} "I cannot lose" | ||
Potentials and optatives can be combined: | Potentials and optatives can be combined: | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|gel|-en||voohee}} "she could write" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|gel|-en||yeret}} "may she write" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|chahn|choor|-en||b'-|gel}} "she is able to learn to write" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|choor|-en||voohee||b'-|gel}} "she could learn to write" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|choor|-en||yeret||b'-|gel}} "may she learn to write" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|kamrov||voohee||bel|-en||roo||gel|-en||voohee}} "who could claim that they could write?" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|bel|-en||yeret||roo||gel|-en||voohee}} "may she claim that she could write" | ||
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The past participle should not be confused with the passive form ''-ij'', although the differences between the two are not completely understood | The past participle should not be confused with the passive form ''-ij'', although the differences between the two are not completely understood. | ||
== Adverbs == | == Adverbs == | ||
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Examples: | Examples: | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|yim||shem|-tee}} '''{{Parsed D'ni|preniv}}''' {{Parsed D'ni|gormet}} "I see you <u>again</u> <u>now</u>" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|kor|-tee}} '''{{Parsed D'ni|tomet}}''', {{Parsed D'ni|kor|-tee}} '''{{Parsed D'ni|tomot}}''' "books <u>here</u>, books <u>there</u>" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|tahgahm||kor}} '''{{Parsed D'ni|met}}''' "I know <u>this</u> book" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|tahgahm}} '''{{Parsed D'ni|met}}''' {{Parsed D'ni|kor||prin}} "I know <u>this</u> small book" | ||
Note that ''mot'' can also be used as a relative pronoun: ''rekor mot gelen'' "the book that he writes"; however, when referring to personal nouns ("who"), ''kamrov'' should be used: ''reshokhootahn kamrov yim'' "the instructor (who) I see" | Note that ''mot'' can also be used as a relative pronoun: ''rekor mot gelen'' "the book that he writes"; however, when referring to personal nouns ("who"), ''kamrov'' should be used: ''reshokhootahn kamrov yim'' "the instructor (who) I see". | ||
''met'' and ''mot'' are singular when used as adjectives (''khoy hevtee met/mot dohooreet'' "if these/those words are found"), but plural when used as pronouns (''kokeneet pekay be motee/metee'' "they were | ''met'' and ''mot'' are singular when used as adjectives (''khoy hevtee met/mot dohooreet'' "if these/those words are found"), but plural when used as pronouns (''kokeneet pekay be motee/metee'' "they were [similar] to those/these"). | ||
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Examples: | Examples: | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|ken|-en||torinai||gahth||te-|Delin}} "it is still cold in Delin" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|megoyray||mre-|prad}} "straight out from the rock" | ||
Adverbs can be negated by prefixing them with ''ril''' "not" (note the apostrophe): | Adverbs can be negated by prefixing them with ''ril''' "not" (note the apostrophe): | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|re-|keelen||fahets||ken|-en||ten||ril}}'{{Parsed D'ni|tsahn}} "the first step is not always simple" | ||
"Never" can be expressed with ''tsahnril'': | "Never" can be expressed with ''tsahnril'': | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|re-|keelen||fahets||ken|-en||ten||tsahnril}} "the first step is never simple (lit. simple never)" | ||
but can also be expressed by negating the adjective | but can also be expressed by negating the adjective: | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|re-|keelen||fahets||ken|-en||ril||ten||tsahn}} "the first step is never simple (lit. not-simple always)" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| '''khe'''– | | '''khe'''– | ||
| for | | for | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''fe'''– | | '''fe'''– | ||
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Examples: | Examples: | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|ken|-en||ahnoets||te}}[[Tetsonot]] | ||
: "It's humid <u>in</u> Tetsonot" | : "It's humid <u>in</u> Tetsonot" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|ben||yahr|-tee||sen}} | ||
: "<u>for</u> 3 days"; | : "<u>for</u> 3 days"; | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|chev||ah||shem||ben||re-|kor}} | ||
: "I thank you <u>for</u> the book" | : "I thank you <u>for</u> the book" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|ken|-en||gor||khe-|zoo||b'-|glo}} | ||
: "it's time <u>for</u> me to begin" | : "it's time <u>for</u> me to begin" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|ne|re-|dovah}} | ||
: "<u>around</u> the world" | : "<u>around</u> the world" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|me|D'nee||b-|re-|tahleeo}} | ||
: "<u>From</u> D'ni <u>to</u> the surface" | : "<u>From</u> D'ni <u>to</u> the surface" | ||
The precise usage of ''ah'' is uncertain; from the sources, the following rules can be inferred | The precise usage of ''ah'' is uncertain; from the sources, the following rules can be inferred (thanks to Domahreh for the scheme): | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 80%;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 80%;" | ||
| Line 1,244: | Line 1,184: | ||
Examples: | Examples: | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|tahg|-em|-ah||b'-|zoo||ah||re-|kor}} | ||
: "give me the book!" [physical encounter] | : "give me the book!" [physical encounter] | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|ril||glahs|-em|-ah||re-|ahno}} | ||
: "don't drink the water" [negation] | : "don't drink the water" [negation] | ||
| Line 1,253: | Line 1,193: | ||
== Quantifiers == | == Quantifiers == | ||
D'ni express these in a peculiar way, by using a numerical scale ("to 2", "to 20") | D'ni express these in a peculiar way, by using a numerical scale ("to 2", "to 20"). The attested quantifiers are: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 1,268: | Line 1,208: | ||
Examples: | Examples: | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|tahgahm|-em||tsahn||bo-|taygahn||shem||b'-|fahsee}} | ||
: "you know, I will always love you, to the greatest extent" | : "you know, I will always love you, to the greatest extent" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|re-|ahchah||ken|-en||wotsah||b'-|bree||te}}[[Minkata|Minkahtah]] | ||
: "the climate is a little harsh in Minkata" | : "the climate is a little harsh in Minkata" | ||
| Line 1,294: | Line 1,234: | ||
Examples: | Examples: | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|dho||ken|-em}}? | ||
: "how are you?" | : "how are you?" | ||
: {{ | : {{Parsed D'ni|.|votahr||ah}}'{{Parsed D'ni|shem||khe|kamrov||ken|-em}} | ||
: "I praise you for who you are" | : "I praise you for who you are" | ||
| Line 1,403: | Line 1,343: | ||
=== Holidays === | === Holidays === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| New Year | | New Year | ||
| Line 1,409: | Line 1,348: | ||
| April 20/21 | | April 20/21 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| The | | The Common Library Opened | ||
| '''Leefo 12''' | | '''Leefo 12''' | ||
| May 4/5 | | May 4/5 | ||
| Line 1,417: | Line 1,356: | ||
| June 20/21 | | June 20/21 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| The Fall of D' | | The Fall of D'ní | ||
| '''Leesahn 8''' | | '''Leesahn 8''' | ||
| July 12/13 | | July 12/13 | ||
| Line 1,425: | Line 1,364: | ||
| September 2/3 | | September 2/3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Writer's Guild Founded | ||
| '''Leevot 9''' | | '''Leevot 9''' | ||
| September 24/25 | | September 24/25 | ||
| Line 1,441: | Line 1,380: | ||
| November 22/23 | | November 22/23 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Lost Book of Birenni Found | ||
| '''Leevobro 12''' | | '''Leevobro 12''' | ||
| December 10/11 | | December 10/11 | ||
| Line 1,449: | Line 1,388: | ||
| March 26/27 | | March 26/27 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Day of the Circle | ||
| '''Leenovoo 18''' | | '''Leenovoo 18''' | ||
| April 6/7 | | April 6/7 | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Guild nomenclature == | == Guild nomenclature == | ||
The full name of a [[Guild]] is '''tel–okh–______–tahn–tee''', literally "Guild of ______ers". This name is almost always shortened by omitting ''–okh–'', ''–tahn–tee'' and often shortening the verb itself. Examples: '''telokhseltahntee''' → '''telsel'''. | The full name of a [[Guild]] is '''tel–okh–______–tahn–tee''', literally "Guild of ______ers". This name is almost always shortened by omitting ''–okh–'', ''–tahn–tee'' and often shortening the verb itself. Examples: '''telokhseltahntee''' → '''telsel'''. | ||
There are two ways to identify a member of a specific guild: one is using the Short Name + '''ahm''', the other is obtained by omitting ''' | There are two ways to identify a member of a specific guild: one is using the Short Name + '''ahm''', the other is obtained by omitting '''telokh–''' and '''–tee''' from the Full Name. | ||
Examples: '''telselahm''' | Examples: '''telselahm''' → '''seltahn'''. | ||
A Guild Master is the Short Name + '''nahvah'''. Example: '''telselnahvah'''. | |||
A Grand Master is the Short Name + '''nahvah pahrah'''. Example: '''telselnahvah pahrah'''. | A Grand Master is the Short Name + '''nahvah pahrah'''. Example: '''telselnahvah pahrah'''. | ||
[[Category:Articles needing cleanup]] | [[Category:Articles needing cleanup]] | ||
